Pavement Engineering - Principles and Practice, Second Edition

Pavements are engineered structures essential to transportation, commerce and trade, and everyday life. In order for them to perform as expected, they must be designed, constructed, maintained, and managed properly. Providing a comprehensive overview of the subject, Pavement Engineering: Principles and Practice, Second Edition covers a wide range of topics in asphalt and concrete pavements, from soil preparation to structural design and construction. This new edition includes updates in all chapters and two new chapters on emerging topics that are becoming universally important: engineering of sustainable pavements and environmental mitigation in transportation projects. It also contains new examples and new figures with more informative schematics as well as helpful photographs.The text describes the significance of standards and examines traffic, drainage, concrete mixes, asphalt binders, distress and performance in concrete and asphalt pavements, and pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. It also contains a chapter on airport pavements and discusses nondestructive tests for pavement engineering using nuclear, deflection-based, electromagnetic, and seismic equipment. The authors explore key concepts and techniques for economic analysis and computing life-cycle cost, instrumentation for acquiring test data, and specialty applications of asphalt and concrete.The Second Edition includes more relevant issues and recently developed techniques and guidelines for practical problems, such as selection of pavement type, effect of vehicle tires, and use of smart sensors in rollers and software for drainage analysis. This book presents in-depth, state-of-the-art knowledge in a range of relevant topics in pavement engineering, with numerous examples and figures and comprehensive references to online resources for literature and software. It provides a good understanding of construction practices essential for new engineers and materials processing and construction needed for solving numerous problems.Table of ContentIntroduction and Description of PavementsImportanceFunctionsDesign and ConstructionMaintenance and RehabilitationImportant IssuesFunctional RequirementsTypes and Uses of PavementsDifferent Features of Typical Asphalt PavementsDifferent Features of Typical Concrete PavementsResearch on PavementsQuestionsPrinciples of Mix and Structural Design and Construction of Asphalt PavementOverviewTraffic and Load Distribution ConceptMaterials and LayersEnvironmentMix DesignStructural DesignLink between Mix and Structural DesignTheoretical Considerations for Structural DesignPrinciples of Good ConstructionPutting Everything TogetherQuestionsPrinciples of Structural Design, Mix Design, and Construction of Concrete PavementsOverviewStructural DesignTheoretical ConsiderationsComputer Programs for Rigid PavementsCombined StressesStresses due to FrictionJoint OpeningJointsConcrete Properties and Mix DesignQuestionsStandardsImportance of StandardsThe American Society of Testing and MaterialsThe American Society of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsUse of Standards in Materials Selection, Mix Design, and Structural DesignUse of Standards in Quality Control in ConstructionImportant SpecificationsQuestionsTrafficDifferent Types of Highway TrafficMeasurement of Traffic LoadsLoad Equivalency Factor and Equivalent Single-Axle LoadAlternative Load Equivalent Factor ConceptEquivalent Single-Wheel LoadTruck Tire PressureTruck SpeedAircraft Loading, Gear Configuration, and Tire PressureQuestionsDrainageSource and Effect of WaterEstimating FlowHydroplaning and Surface Drainage SystemInletsSubsurface Drainage SystemDesign of Subsurface Drainage StructuresConsideration of Drainage in Pavement DesignPumping in Rigid PavementsUse of Software for Design of Drainage StructuresQuestionsSoilOverviewSoils in SubgradeMass–Volume RelationshipsGrain Size Distribution: GradationEffect of WaterSoil ClassificationDensity and Optimum Moisture ContentHydraulic ConductivityFrost SusceptibilitySwell PotentialStiffness and Strength of SoilsSubgrade Soil Tests for Rigid PavementsSubbase and Unstabilized BaseSoil Stabilization Concepts and Methods: Chemical and MechanicalDust ControlQuestionsAggregates for Asphalt and Concrete MixesDefinition, Parent Rock, and TypesSuitability for ApplicationProductionOverview of Desirable PropertiesGradation for Asphalt PavementsSpecific Gravities and AbsorptionCleanliness and Deleterious MaterialsToughness or Resistance against Abrasion LossParticle Shape and Surface TextureDurability/SoundnessExpansive CharacteristicsPolishing and Frictional CharacteristicsAggregate Tests Specifically for ConcreteAutomated Aggregate Analysis (AASHTO TP81 and PP64)Artificial AggregatesQuestionsAsphalt and EmulsionsAsphalt BinderNaturally Occurring AsphaltsRefined Asphalt from Crude OilSafe Delivery, Storage, and Handling of AsphaltsAsphalt Binder PropertiesAsphalt Binder Properties and Pavement Distress and PerformanceStiffnessViscoelastic Nature of Asphalt and Direct Measurement of StiffnessTensile BehaviorSuperpave (Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements)Recovery of Asphalt Binder from Asphalt MixAdhesion PropertiesAsphalt EmulsionsQuestionsConcrete Fundamentals for Rigid PavementsConcreteAggregatesCementWaterHydrationSteel in ConcreteQuestionsDistress and PerformanceDistresses in Asphalt PavementsDistresses in Concrete PavementsConsideration of PerformanceDamageForensic Investigation for Determination of Type and Cause of DistressQuestionsConsideration of Major Distress Mechanisms and Material Characterization for Asphalt PavementsFatigue CrackingThermal CrackingRutting or Permanent DeformationSmoothness ConsiderationTop-Down CrackingQuestionsDistress Models and Material Characterization for Concrete PavementsDistresses and ModelsTests for ConcreteQuestionsMix and Structural Design of Asphalt Mix LayersPhysical and Volumetric Properties of Asphalt MixMix Design MethodsStructural DesignQuestionsMix Design and Structural Design for Concrete PavementsMix DesignStructural DesignQuestionsConstruction of Asphalt PavementsOverviewDescription and Requirements of Components in Hot Mix Asphalt–Producing PlantsEquipment Used for Transportation, Laydown, and CompactionImportant FactorsSpecificationsPreparation of Subgrade and Construction of Base and Subbase LayersQuality Control and Quality AssuranceConstruction of Longitudinal JointsQuestionsConstruction of Concrete PavementsOverviewConcrete ProductionPreparation of Subgrade and BasePresetting Reinforcements such as Dowel Bars, Tiebars, and Continuous ReinforcementPCC Slab ConstructionFinishingCuringPaving in Hot and Cold Weather ConditionsJointingHIPERPAV SoftwareJoint SealingQuestionsMaintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements: Pavement Management SystemsOverviewSteps in PMSDifferent PMS ApproachesDistress SurveyMaintenance and Rehabilitation of Asphalt PavementsMaintenance and Rehabilitation of Concrete PavementsWarranty ProjectsQuestionsAirport PavementsTypes, Importance, and SpecificationsStructural Design of Airport Asphalt Mix PavementsDesign of Concrete PavementsDesign for Airport Pavements with Light AircraftsAdvanced Design MethodsNondestructive Testing and Rehabilitation of Airfield PavementsACN-PCNRehabilitation of PCC Airport PavementsConstruction Quality Control and Acceptance TestingConstructing, Checking, and Improving Friction/Skid Resistance Drainage of RunwaysAsphalt Mixes for Airport PavementMaintenance of Airport PavementsQuestionsNondestructive TestsNuclear GageFalling Weight DeflectometerPortable Falling Weight DeflectometerRolling Wheel DeflectometerGeoGauge (Soil Stiffness Gauge) for Soil CompactionGround-Penetrating RadarPortable Seismic Pavement AnalyzerFree Free Resonant Column TestUltrasonic TestMagnetic Induction TomographyQuestionEconomic Analysis and Cost-Saving ConceptsEconomic AnalysisCost-Saving ConceptsQuestionsInstrumentation in Asphalt and Concrete PavementTemperatureSoil Moisture ContentFrost DepthStrain in Asphalt or Concrete Pavement and Soil LayersStress in Soil LayersDeflection in LayersData Acquisition SystemsQuestionsSpecialty ApplicationsAsphalt MixturesConcrete WhitetoppingQuestionsSustainable Pavement EngineeringNeed for PavementsFirst ConsiderationDesign of Layout of PavementsConstruction of PavementsUse of Waste and Byproducts in PavementsWorkersPavement–Building–Nature–SymbiosisRegulatory Bodies and Impetus for SustainabilityHuman FactorQuestionsEnvironmental Mitigation in Transportation ProjectsHow Transportation Impacts the EnvironmentModel for Assessing Impacts and Developing Mitigation MeasuresProject ConceptionImpact AssessmentAlternatives AnalysisPublic Involvement and ReviewEnforcement and Post-Project MonitoringTransportation Planning and Regional Mitigation ApproachesQuestionsConversion FactorsReferences and BibliographyIndexReview Quote"The authors provide a very comprehensive treatment of pavement engineering. … The clear strength of this text is the breadth of coverage of the major components of the pavement system – materials, structural design, construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation. The authors provide a nice balance of the theoretical basis for many analyses with a practical eye towards designing and building pavements which will perform."—Kevin D. Hall, Ph.D., P.E., University of ArkansasBiographical NoteDr. Rajib Mallick, PE, has extensive experience with asphalt materials, mixture design, construction, pavement design, recycling, and nondestructive testing. From 1992 to 1998, he worked as a research assistant and as a senior research associate at the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) and is currently the Ralph White Family Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI). He has completed numerous research projects for several departments of transportation, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), th