Fragrances in the Environment

This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of the key environmental areas and compartments where fragrances have been found and discusses the current challenges of their presence and potential hazards. The book starts with a chapter devoted to the manufacturing and characterization of the most relevant types of fragrances, and their emissions to the environment. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as fragrances’ toxic effects on the environment, their major routes of exposure, behaviour, and fate in different environmental matrices. Particular attention is given to ecotoxicological issues and the environmental impact of fragrances in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, marine environments, soils, remote areas, and air. In this book, readers will find valuable insights into the bioaccessibility and availability of synthetic musks in seafood and the corresponding human exposure and health risks. The book also outlines the most promising analytical methods used for fragrance detection and quantification, and it discusses the risks and future trends in this field. Written by a multidisciplinary team of expert contributors, and considering its scope, this book is an essential tool not only for scholars and researchers in academia and industry but also for other stakeholders and decision-makers interested in the field of fragrances and their ecotoxicology, as well as environmental impacts. Table of ContentProduction, classification, properties, main uses and emissions of fragrances to the environment.- Toxic effects of fragrances in the environment.- Analytical methods to analyze fragrances in environmental matrices.- Occurrence and fate of fragrances in wastewater treatment plants.- Fragrances in surface waters.- The impact of fragrances on soils.- Occurrence and pathways of fragrances in the marine environment.- Fragrances in remote areas.- Fragrances emissions to the air and their impact on air quality and human health.- Bioaccessibility and availability of synthetic musks in seafood – human exposure and health risks.- Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives.Biographical NoteNuno Ratola is a Principal Researcher at the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), based at the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Porto (FEUP, Portugal) since 2019, and an Invited Assistant Professor at FEUP since 2015. He graduated in Chemical Engineering (1996) and completed his Master’s in Environmental Engineering (2002) and PhD in Chemical and Biological Engineering (2009) at FEUP. He has profited from numerous external residencies at various leading foreign research institutions, including a Marie Curie fellowship at the University of Murcia (Spain) from 2012 to 2014. His research interests include environmental chemistry and the behaviour of legacy and emerging organic contaminants, field sampling strategies, advanced analytical techniques, waste valorisation for energy production and safe recycling (circular economy), human exposure assessment and climate change scenarios.Vera Homem is an Assistant Researcher at the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), a research unit at the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Porto (FEUP, Portugal) and an Invited Assistant Professor at FEUP since 2013. She graduated in Chemical Engineering (2007) and holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering (2011) from FEUP. Her research has mainly focused on environmental chemistry, namely the development of new analytical methodologies for the detection of emerging organic contaminants at trace levels in the environment, monitoring strategies, development of risk assessment studies, prioritization systems, remediation technologies (advanced oxidation processes and sorption), soil contamination issues and waste valorisation.This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of the key environmental areas and compartments where fragrances have been found and discusses the current challenges of their presence and potential hazards. The book starts with a chapter devoted to the manufacturing and characterization of the most relevant types of fragrances, and their emissions to the environment. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as fragrances’ toxic effects on the environment, their major routes of exposure, behaviour, and fate in different environmental matrices. Particular attention is given to ecotoxicological issues and the environmental impact of fragrances in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, marine environments, soils, remote areas, and air. In this book, readers will find valuable insights into the bioaccessibility and availability of synthetic musks in seafood and the corresponding human exposure and health risks. The book also outlines the most promising analytical methods used for fragrance detection and quantification, and it discusses the risks and future trends in this field. Written by a multidisciplinary team of expert contributors, and considering its scope, this book is an essential tool not only for scholars and researchers in academia and industry but also for other stakeholders and decision-makers interested in the field of fragrances and their ecotoxicology, as well as environmental impacts. Reviews the environmental impact of fragrances Analyses the exposure, behaviour, and fate of fragrances in the environment Highlights the current challenges and future trends