Cell Biology of Stem Cells

Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.Table of ContentEarly Embryonic Cell Fate Decisions in the Mouse.- Nuclear Architecture in Stem Cells.- Epigenetic Regulation of Pluripotency.- Autosomal Lyonization of Replication Domains During Early Mammalian Development.- Preservation of Genomic Integrity in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.- Transcriptional Regulation in Embryonic Stem Cells.- Alternative Splicing in Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Diferentiation.- MicroRNA Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation.- Telomeres And Telomerase in Adult Stem Cells and Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells.- X Chromosome Inactivation and Embryonic Stem Cells.- Adult Stem Cels and Their Niches.- Adult Stem Cel Diferentiation and Trafficking And Their Implications in Disease.- Vertebrates That Regenerate As Models For Guiding Stem Cels.- Reprogramming of Somatic Cells to Pluripotency.Biographical NoteEran Mes horer, PhD, is studying chromatin plasticity in embryonic and neuronal stem cells at the Department of Genetics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He received his PhD in Molecular Neuroscience from the Hebrew University and conducted his post‑doctoral studies at the National Cancer Institute, NIH. His lab focuses on understanding pluripotency, differentiation and reprogramming from a chromatin perspective, taking both genome‑wide and single cell approaches. He is a member of the International Society for Stem Cell Research and holds the Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun Senior Lectureship in Life Sciences. Kathrin Plath, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the University of California Los Angeles since 2004. After she received her PhD from the Humboldt University at Berlin in Germany, she was at the University of California San Francisco and the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, MA for her postdoctoral studies. Dr. Plath’s main research interest is to understand how developmental cues induce changes in chromatin structure at the molecular level, and how these changes regulate cell fate decisions and gene expression in mammalian development. She is a member of the International Society for Stem Cell Research and of the editorial board of several stem cell journals.Describes the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation Addresses the structure and function of the three-dimensional space of the nucleus in ES cells Illustrates the dynamics and regulation of DNA replication in ES cells Addresses novel genome-wide approaches to analyze splicing and alternative splicing patterns at a global