New Approach to English Grammar, on Semantic Principles

Linguistics often portray grammar as a kind of self-sufficient algebra. R M W Dixon offers a new approach, starting from the premiss that a speaker "codes" meaning into grammatical forms in order to communicate them to a hearer, who recover the "meaning". He investigates the interrelation of grammar and meaning, and uncovers a rationale for the varying grammatical properties of different words - why, for instance, we can say "I wish to go" and "I wish that he would go" and then "I want to go" but not "I want that he should go". In the first part of the book there is a review of some of the main points of English syntax, followed by a discussion of English verbs in terms of "semantic types". About 30 of these types are examined, including verbs of motion, of giving, of thinking, of speaking, of liking, and of trying. In the last part of the book the author looks in detail at five grammatical topics: complement clauses, which can fill subject or object slot in a main clause; the question of transitivity and causatives; passives of all kinds; promotion of a non-subject to subject slot, as in "dictionaries sell well"; and the relation between constructions such as "they walked" and "they had a walk", "she punched him" and "she gave him a punch" and "he looked" and "he took a look".Table of ContentA. Introduction: Orientation; Grammatical sketch; B. The semantic types: Noun, adjective and verb types; Primary-A type verbs; Primary-B type verbs; Secondary verb types; C. Some grammatical topics: I know that it seems that he'll make me want to describe her starting to say that she knows that it seems that ...: complement clauses; I kicked at the bomb, which exploded, and wakened you up : transitivity and causatives; The plate, which had been eaten off, was owned by my aunt : passives; What sells slowly, but wears well? : promotion to subject; She gave him a look, they both had a laugh and then took a stroll : GIVE A VERB , HAVE A VERB , and TAKE A VERB constructions; list of adjective and verb types, with sample members.